Enzyme Technology
Summary and Bibliography of Chapter 2
- Enzymes may be prepared from many sources
but most are obtained by the fermentation of micro-organisms.
- The
industrial use of enzymes depends on their effectiveness, cost and safety.
- The rate of enzyme released by any mechanical homogenisation of
cells is normally proportional to the amount of enzyme available.
- Centrifugation is generally used for the collection of solid enzymic material
whereas filtration is preferred for liquid enzyme recovery. Aqueous biphasic
systems are becoming more commonly encountered in enzyme recovery operations.
- Preparation of industrial enzymes involves the minimum
number of purification stages that is compatible with their use. Extensive
purification is a very expensive process. Care must be taken over the prevention
of inactivation during enzyme preparation.
- Enzymes offered for sale must
be as stable as may be necessary and safe to handle.
References and
Bibliography
- Anon (1986). A strategy for protein purification.
Separation News. 13.6, pp 1-6. Uppsala, Sweden: Pharmacia.
- Atkinson, T.,
Scawen, M.D. & Hammond, P.M. (1987). Large scale
industrial techniques of enzyme recovery. In Biotechnology, vol.
7a, Enzyme technology, ed. J.F.Kennedy. pp 279-323. Weinheim, Federal Republic
of Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
- Barker, S.A. (1982). New approaches to
enzyme stabilisation. In Topics in enzyme and fermetation
biotechnology, vol. 6, ed. A.Wiseman. pp 68-78. Chichester, UK: Ellis
Horwood Ltd.
- Bonnerjea, J., Oh, S., Hoare, M. & Dunnill, P. (1986). Protein
purification: The right step at the right time. Biotechnology
4, 954-958.
- Booth, A.G. (1987). Protein purification: A
stategic approach. Oxford, UK: IRL Press Ltd. (This is a computer aided
learning package suitable for IBM computers)
- Cejka, A. (1985). Preparation of
media. In Biotechnology, vol. 2, Fundamentals of biochemical
engineering, ed. H. Brauer. pp 629-698. Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany:
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
- Cheetham, P.S.J. (1987). Screening for novel
biocatalysts. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,
9, 194-213.
- Chisti, Y. & Moo-Young, M. (1986). Disruption of
microbial cells for intracellular products. Enzyme and Microbial
Technology, 8, 194-204.
- Kula, M-R. (1985). Recovery
operations. In Biotechnology, vol. 2, Fundamentals of
biochemical engineering, ed. H. Brauer. pp 725-760. Weinheim, Federal Republic
of Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
- Noordervliet, P.F. & Toet, D.A.
(1987). Safety in enzyme technology. In Biotechnology, vol. 7a,
Enzyme technology, ed. J.F.Kennedy. pp 711-741. Weinheim, Federal Republic of
Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
- Strathmann, H. (1985). Membranes and
membrane processes in biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology,
3, 112-118.bp
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