Enzyme Technology
Summary and Bibliography of Chapter 5
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Enzymes may be used in batch or
continuous reactors. The choice of reactor for specific applications depends
upon the physical forms of the substrate(s), enzymes) and products) in addition
to the process economics.
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The PBR generally makes the most efficient use of
immobilised enzymes. The CSTR is preferred mainly where pH control is essential
or where the physical properties of the substrate stream are incompatible with
PBR operation. The FBR has properties between those of a PBR and a CSTR but is
more difficult to scale -up. Membrane reactors are versatile but expensive.
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Immobilised enzymes are used in an increasing number o economically viable
bioconversions, the most important of which is the isomerisation of glucose.
References and Bibliography
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Baret, J. L. (1987). Large -scale production
and application of immobilised lactase. Methods in Enzymology, 136, 411 -23.
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Chen, W. -P. (1980). Glucose isomerase (a
review). Process Biochemistry, 15, 30 -41.
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Daniels, M. J. (1986). Immobilised enzymes in
carbohydrate food processing. In Biotechnology in the food industry, pp. 29 -35.
Pinner: Online Publications.
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Daniels, M. J. (1987). Industrial operation
of immobilised enzymes. Methods in Enzymology, 136, 356 -70. Howaldt, M. W.,
Kulbe, K. D. & Chmiel, H. (1986). Choice of reactor to minimise enzyme
requirement. 1. Mathematical model for one -substrate Michaelis-Menten type
kinetics in continuous reactors. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 8, 627 -31
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Jensen, V. J. & Rugh, S. (1987).
Industrial -scale production and application of immobilised glucose isomerase.
Methods in Enzymology, 136, 356 -70.
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Kleinstreuer, C. & Agarwal, S. S. (1986).
Analysis and simulation of hollow -fiber bioreactor dynamics. Biotechnology and
Bioengineering, 28, 1233 -40.
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Soda, K. & Yonaha, K. (1987). Application
of free enzymes in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In Biotechnology,
vol. 7a Enzyme technology, ed. J. F. Kennedy, pp. 605 -52. Weinheim: VCH
Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
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Van Tilburg (1984). Enzymic isomerisation of
corn starch -based glucose syrups. In Starch conversion technology, ed. G. M. A.
Van Beynum & J. A. Roels, pp. 175 -236. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
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Vieth, W. R., Venkatasubramanian, K.,
Constantinides, A. & Davidson, B. (1976). Design and analysis of immobilized
-enzyme flow reactors. In Applied biochemistry and bioengineering, vol. I
Immobilised enzyme principles, ed. L. B. Wingard & E. Katchalski -Katzir,
pp. 221 -327. London: Academic Press.
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Watanabe, I. (1987). Acrylamide production
method using immobilised nitrilase -containing microbial cells. Methods in
Enzymology, 136, 523 -30.
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