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Water Data (supplementary)


Liquid water physical data changes with temperature
Temp.,
 °C
Dynamic viscosity,
mPa ˣ s
Change in viscosity with pressure,
ps
Compressibility,
GPa−1 a
Density,
kg ˣ m−3 a
Speed of sound,
m ˣ s−1
Specific heat,
J ˣ mol−1 ˣ K−1
Thermal expansivity,
10−3 K−1 a
Vapor pressure, kPa Molar volume, cm−3
βT βS CP a CV
-38 e
   
1.1581
0.8023
968.1
1135
108
75 c
-2.963
0.016 f
18.609
-30
8.989
-30
0.8079
0.7109
983.9
1196 b
90
79.19 c
-1.400
0.051
18.311
-20
4.473
-12
0.6425
0.6175
993.6
1277 b
80.2
77.08 c
-0.661
0.126
18.132
-10
2.668
-5.4
0.5583
0.5531
998.1
1346 b
77.2
76.47 c
-0.292
0.287
18.049
0
1.792
-2.5
0.5089
0.5086
999.8
1402
76.01
75.97
-0.068
0.611
18.018
10
1.307
-1.0
0.4781
0.4776
999.7
1448
75.57
75.49
0.088
1.228
18.021
20
1.002
-0.4
0.4589
0.4559
998.2
1483
75.38
74.88
0.207
2.339
18.048
30
0.797
-0.05
0.4477
0.4410
995.7
1510
75.30
74.17
0.303
4.247
18.094
40
0.653
0.04
0.4424
0.4312
992.2
1530
75.29
73.38
0.385
7.385
18.157
50
0.547
0.08
0.4417
0.4253
988.0
1543
75.33
72.53
0.458
12.353
18.234
60
0.467
0.11
0.4450
0.4229
983.2
1551
75.39
71.64
0.523
19.947
18.323
70
0.400
0.14
0.4516
0.4230
977.8
1555
75.49
70.71
0.584
31.202
18.425
80
0.355
0.17
0.4614
0.4258
971.8
1554
75.61
69.77
0.641
47.415
18.538
90
0.310
0.19
0.4743
0.4309
965.4
1550
75.76
68.82
0.696
70.181
18.663
100
0.283
0.20
0.4902
0.4382
958.4
1543
75.95
67.89
0.750
101.325
18.798
Ref.
[69, 73]
[69]
[68]
[70]
[67]
[67, 75]
[67]
[68]
[67]
[70]

Footnotes

a Equations generating the specific volumes, specific isobaric heat capacities, thermal expansion coefficients, and isothermal compressibility coefficients over a range of temperatures and pressures are available [399]. [Back]

 

b Calculated using the equation u2 = 1/βSρ where u is the speed of sound (m s−1), βS is the adiabatic compressibility (Pa−1), and ρ is the density (kg m−3). [Back]

 

c Calculated using the equation CP=CV+temperature*molar volume*expansivity^2/compressibility where T=temperature (K), V=molar volume (m3 mol−1), α=thermal expansivity (K−1), and βT=isothermal compressibility (Pa−1). [Back]

 

d Calculated using the equation isothermal compressibility=adiabatic compressibility+(temperature x expansivity^2)/(density x specific heat)where α=thermal expansivity (K−1), T=temperature (K), ρ=density (kg m−3), and CP=isobaric specific heat (J kg−1 K−1). κS may also be calculated by βSTCv /Cp. [Back]

 

e Data is calculated from the supercooled water equation of state [2089]. [ Back ]

 

f [2064]. [ Back ]

 

 

 

 

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This page was established in 2000 and last updated by Martin Chaplin on 2 August, 2021


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